The Kurdish People: A United Nation Divided by Borders
The Kurdish People: A United Nation Divided by Borders
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The Kurdish people are an ancient race with their own language, culture, and history in the Middle East. The Kurdish people have their own homeland known as Kurdistan, which has been divided by foreign powers into Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. The Kurdish population is estimated at approximately thirty-two million in Turkey, eighteen million in Iran, seven million in Iraq, and three million in Syria. However, in the Kurdistan region alone, the population is more than six million people. Millions of Kurdish people are living abroad due to the effects of war and migration, mostly in European countries such as Germany and Sweden, and the United States and Australia. According to many Kurdish sources, there are estimates of a total Kurdish population of about seventy-five million in the world.
Daban Abdulkarim, English Department
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence
People seek instant and easy results; thus, they invent tools. That is where the problem arises, as many people use AI to do the work for them, often without proofreading, which makes AI unreliable. This is because AI answers can be false, since much of the data it is trained on comes from the internet and may be outdated or not fact-checked. Additionally, AI algorithms encourage giving answers that please the user. To use AI in the best way, we can provide sources and ask for summaries and answers based on those sources, which helps minimize the time we need to search for information. AI can also be used to fix grammar and punctuation. However, you should always double-check your answers to ensure they are correct, as AI cannot be held accountable.
Frmesk Nasr, English Department, 2nd Year.
The Historical Manuscript of the Holy Quran in Binase Village
According to historical records and paleographic analysis, the ancient handwritten Quran preserved in the village of Binase, located in the Pshdar region, dates back approximately four centuries. This significant manuscript comprises 445 pages, executed in a highly refined and disciplined calligraphic style, showcasing the artistic proficiency of scholars of that period. Each folio contains 11 lines of text, inscribed with specialized carbon-based ink on durable, traditional handmade paper designed to resist environmental degradation. This invaluable artifact has been meticulously preserved across generations by the Sheykhs of the Binase family, standing as a testament to the rich intellectual and religious heritage of the Pshdar region.
Kewan Hoshyar, English Department, 3rd Year (Evening Class).
The Importance of Reading Books
The Importance of Reading Books
Reading books plays a vital role in shaping an individual’s mind, character, and understanding of the world. It is one of the main factors in developing a person’s thinking, knowledge, and imagination. In many ways, books can show us the world and serve as some of the best companions in life. They fill a person with feelings, confidence, kindness, honesty, hope, and inner beauty. Books lead a person toward higher-order thinking and help them grow mature earlier than their age. One of the main reasons for having a strong and genuine personality is becoming familiar with books and reading them regularly. Books provide many ways to solve problems and cover fields such as psychology, education, religion, philosophy, literature, novels, and science. It can be said that in moments of loneliness, restlessness, or life’s greatest challenges, when one feels trapped, hopeless, or overwhelmed, reading a book serves not only as a source of hope but also as guidance and support. Therefore, reading your favorite book is the best comfort and solution for your soul. Page by page, you find peace, strength, confidence, hope, and perseverance. If you want to build a healthy-minded society, make people familiar with reading. After a mother, a book is the best teacher. This is the best gift you can give to any human being.
Shagwll Khalid, English Department, 1st Year (Evening Class).
Scholarships: Your Gateway to Global Success
A scholarship is essentially a financial award given to students based on their academic achievements or unique talents. Unlike a bank loan, it is a gift that does not need to be repaid. For many, it represents the only way to access high-quality education without the stress of high tuition fees. The importance of scholarships goes beyond money. They provide equal opportunities for talented individuals from all backgrounds to study at top universities. By receiving a scholarship, students gain more than just an education; they build confidence and join a global network of ambitious professionals. It is a recognition of one’s hard work and a push toward a brighter career. There are many famous examples of these programs. The Chevening Scholarship in the UK and the Fulbright Program in the USA are well-known for covering all expenses for international students. Additionally, many local universities offer Merit Scholarships to reward students with top grades. Ultimately, a scholarship is an investment in one’s potential to lead and inspire others.
Nma Mohammed, English Department, 3rd Year.
Connected Speech
Most people have noticed that there are often differences between the dictionary pronunciation of a word (its citation form) and the way it is pronounced when combined with other words in spoken language (its normal form). Language learners often struggle to understand and produce connected speech, which is especially important for intelligibility and listening comprehension because they may not recognize known words when they occur in speech. Cauldwell (2013) describes different types of speech using a metaphor of plants. Very careful speech results in “greenhouse listening” (because each word is planted in its own individual pot). Classroom speech, which is careful and connected, is described as “garden listening” because words are connected but remain easy to distinguish from each other. Normal speech—the kind produced by native speakers when they are focused on communicating—is called “jungle listening” because words are connected in unpredictable ways. There are five types of connected speech: linking, deletion, insertion, modification, reduction, and geminates.
Vana Salih, English
Department, 2nd Year.
Common English Mistakes
A lot of students have some sort of shyness or even fear when it comes to speaking in English. That may bring a lot of simple mistakes, even among advanced learners. For example, students usually say people is instead of people are, or she have instead of she has. These mistakes happen because students try not to think about grammar and make an effort to speak as quickly as possible. In this case, to speak more confidently, try to stop for a second, think, and remember subject-verb agreement. If you practice more with your friends or speak slowly, you will minimize mistakes and shame. Confidence is important; even slight corrections can improve your English considerably.
Hardi Ahmed, English Department, 3rd Year (Evening Class)
Common English Idioms and Their Origins
1- Break the ice – start a conversation; from ships breaking ice in harbors (1600s).
2- Bite the bullet – face pain bravely; soldiers bit bullets during surgery before anesthesia.
3- “Let the cat out of the bag” – to reveal a secret; in medieval markets, merchants sold pigs in bags, and if a dishonest seller substituted a cat for a pig, the secret was revealed when the bag was opened.
Dina Jassim Mohammed, English Department, 2nd Year (Evening Class)
From Campus to Career: How to Start Your Professional Journey?
From Campus to Career: How to Start Your Professional Journey?
Graduating from university is an exciting milestone, but it can also feel challenging as you prepare to enter the working world. This is the perfect time to plan your career and take meaningful steps toward your professional goals. Start by creating a strong resume, learning how to perform well in interviews, and building your network with teachers, classmates, and professionals. You can also gain valuable experience through internships, part-time jobs, or volunteering. By planning carefully and taking action early, you can turn your education into a successful career. With focus and preparation, you can confidently move from campus life to a bright professional future.
Dashti Fahmi, English Department
3rd Year ( Evening Class).
To The West
To The West
It is a freezing, bone-chilling winter,
Yet it carries a message of resistance, never to surrender
The lasso in the hands of our youth is a braid,
The eagle’s nest is always found on the highest peak.
Every braid was a lasso held by Rustam,
A century-old memory of Zin and Mem.
That wound within my heart was heavy and hard to bear,
The world of the Kurds was narrowed down to that single strand of hair.
That is why this year is the "Year of the Braid,”
The Kurd, across all four parts, shares a single home.
Amidst the heavy clouds of bombardment.
Our youth have tightened their boots for the struggle.
Rawand Mohammed, English Department
3rd Year (Evening Class)
The Girl with the Black Dot
In a busy city, there lived a girl marked by a small black dot on her forehead. That single dot made people judge her as less worthy, less heard, and less human. No one asked who she was or what she dreamed of. The mark spoke before she could. As she grew, she watched others like her slowly accepting injustice. First, they resisted, then they grew tired, and eventually they called it normal. This is how oppression survives: it enters quietly and teaches people to forget they were born free. Some who were hurt began hurting others, repeating the same cruelty once used against them. Those who spoke out were silenced. Those in power taught that some were meant to rule and others to obey, and this belief made control easy. But the girl refused. She questioned, doubted, and felt pain, yet she kept one truth alive: “If I am human, why am I treated like a thing?” Her resistance was quiet. She did not fight with weapons. She fought by refusing to hate herself, to harm others, and to pass injustice forward. She changed what she could and trusted God with the rest. She never erased the black dot. She taught the world that it was never a flaw. And that was her victory.
Amal, English Department
The Role of Grammar in Language Learning
The Role of Grammar in Language Learning
Grammar is the framework that holds language together, making it understandable and meaningful. This framework guides the organization of thoughts and communication in speaking, writing, and comprehension. In speaking, grammar provides the structural foundation for clear expression. For example, a Kurdish student might apply SOV sentence structure in spoken English due to not knowing the real English SVO structure, which potentially leads to confusion in direct communication. Therefore, correct grammar is fundamental for effective spoken communication. Grammar is also critical in writing for clear and correct written communication. For example, a student's incorrect writing of You are ready instead of Are you
ready? can cause confusion, as intonation cannot clarify the intended question in written form. Therefore, sound grammar is crucial for accuracy and clarity in written communication. Beyond speaking and writing, grammar also significantly impacts comprehension. For instance, comprehension can be hindered if a student mistakes the meanings of You may have been angry, which refers to the past, and You may be angry, indicating the present. In short, a strong grasp of grammar is paramount for comprehensive language proficiency. As a result, grammar is the essential foundation for language learning. In speaking, it provides the structural rules necessary to avoid word-order confusion and ensure clear verbal interaction. In writing, it acts as a vital substitute for vocal intonation, allowing the writer to distinguish between statements and inquiries with precision. Regarding comprehension, a firm command of grammatical nuances ensures that the listener accurately interprets meaning across different time frames and contexts. In conclusion, educators should approach grammar as a dynamic tool that engages students with the language itself, rather than a mere set of rules for memorization.
Hevy Hersh, English Department, 3rd Year (Evening Class)
Amedspor: The “National Team” Without a State
Amedspor: The “National Team” Without a State
Amedspor is more than a football club; it is a symbol of Kurdish identity and resistance within the Turkish sports landscape. Based in Diyarbakır (Amed), the club has spent years navigating the tension between athletic competition and ethnic representation. By adopting the name “Amed” in 2014 and using Kurdish colors—green, red, and yellow—the club positioned itself as a “national team” for a people without a state. This has led to frequent sanctions from the Turkish Football Federation (TFF) and intense hostility during away games, where fans often face racist chants and symbols of 1990s-era political violence.
Beyond the pitch, Amedspor serves as a cultural bridge to broader Kurdish movements, particularly in Rojava. In early 2026, the club made headlines after sharing symbolic videos of women braiding their hair in solidarity with Syrian Kurds, a gesture that resulted in further TFF penalties.
This spirit of defiance is personified by the club’s support for Leyla Zana, the first Kurdish woman elected to the Turkish Parliament. Following racist and sexist mockery of Zana in late 2025, Amedspor invited her to their stadium, where 30,000 fans gave her a hero’s welcome. In protest against the rhetoric used against her, the club even opened matches to women for free. By honoring Zana—who famously took her 1991 parliamentary oath in Kurdish—Amedspor links modern sports culture with the history of political survival. Ultimately, every match serves as a demand for dignity and a statement of cultural existence.
Kozhyar Hassan, English Department, 3rd Year (Evening Class)
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